What is a hallmark idea of Rational Choice Theory regarding human behavior?

Rational Choice Theory posits that individuals make decisions based on a systematic process of weighing the costs and benefits of various options, ultimately leading them to act in a way that maximizes their self-interest. This means that when faced with a choice, individuals will evaluate their circumstances, consider the potential outcomes, and choose the action that will provide them with the greatest advantage or satisfaction.

This concept is central to understanding various fields, such as economics and criminal justice, as it implies that behaviors, including those that might be deemed deviant or criminal, can be understood as rational decisions made by individuals seeking to enhance their well-being. By recognizing that individuals aim to act in their self-interest, law enforcement, policymakers, and social scientists can better anticipate and influence human behavior.

In contrast, the other options reflect different perspectives on behavior. The notion that human behavior is entirely dictated by society emphasizes social determinism, while saying that human actions are fundamentally instinctual suggests a more biological view, both of which diverge from the individualistic approach of Rational Choice Theory. Furthermore, stating that individuals consistently act against their own interest contradicts the very foundation of the theory, which assumes a rational alignment of choices with personal benefit.